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目的：文章探讨大气PM2.5暴露对张掖市0～14岁儿童呼吸系统疾病的影响，为张掖市0～14岁儿童呼吸系统疾病的防治提供理论依据。方法：收集张掖市2016年1月1日至2019年12月31日，每日大气污染物和气象数据以及张掖市两家综合医院0～14岁儿童呼吸系统疾病的门诊人次。基于广义相加模型(GAM)评估张掖市PM2.5对0～14岁儿童呼吸系统疾病门诊人次的影响，并按性别、年龄、季节进行分层分析。结果：PM2.5对张掖市0～14岁儿童呼吸系统疾病门诊人次存在影响，PM2.5每增加10μg/m3，在单日滞后lag6、lag7、累积滞后lag02-07d对儿童呼吸系统疾病门诊人次有影响，且在累积滞后lag07d效应最大(RR=1.026,95%CI:1.013～1.039)；男童、女童、<3岁的儿童、3～5岁的儿童、暖季、冷季均在累积滞后lag07 d效应最大，分别为(RR=1.032,95%CI:1.018～1.046)、(RR=1.017,95%CI:1.003～1.031)、(RR=1.034,95%CI:1.021～1.048)、(RR=1.035,95%CI:1.018～1.053)、(RR=1.021,95%CI:1.007～1.034)、(RR=1.046,95%CI:1.026～1.067)。结论：PM2.5短期暴露会增加张掖市0～14岁儿童呼吸系统疾病的门诊就诊风险，男童和5岁以的儿童更为敏感，冷季的效应比暖季效应强。
Abstract：Objective:To investigate the effect of ambient PM2.5exposure on outpatient visits for respiratory diseases among children aged 0～14 years in Zhangye City and to provide a theoretical basis for disease prevention and control in this population.Methods:Daily data on air pollutants,meteorological factors,and outpatient visits for respiratory diseases among children aged0～14 years were collected from two general hospitals in Zhangye City from January 1,2016,to December 31,2019. A generalized additive model(GAM)was used to assess the effect of PM2.5on outpatient visits,and stratified analyses were conducted by sex,age group,and season. Results:PM2.5exposure was associated with outpatient visits for respiratory diseases among children aged 0～14 years in Zhangye City. For every 10μg/m3 increase in PM2.5concentration,significant effects were observed at single-day lags(lag6 and lag7)and cumulative lags(lag02～07d),with the strongest effect at cumulative lag07d(RR=1.026,95% CI:1.013～1.039). Stratified analyses showed that the peak effect also occurred at cumulative lag07d in boys(RR=1.032,95% CI:1.018～1.046),girls(RR= 1.017,95% CI:1.003～1.031),children aged<3 years(RR=1.034,95% CI:1.021～1.048),children aged 3～5 years(RR=1.035,95% CI:1.018～1.053),the warm season(RR=1.021,95% CI:1.007～1.034),and the cold season(RR=1.046,95% CI:1.026～1.067). Conclusion:Short-term exposure to PM2.5increases the risk of outpatient visits for respiratory diseases among children aged 0～14 years in Zhangye City. Boys and children under 5 years of age are more susceptible,and the effect is stronger in the cold season than in the warm season.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13874/j.cnki.62-1171/g4.2026.02.003
中图分类号:R725.6;R122
引用信息:
[1]曹亚玲,岳娜娜,王玮,等.PM_(2.5)对张掖市0～14岁儿童呼吸系统疾病门诊人次的影响[J].河西学院学报,2026,42(02):17-25.DOI:10.13874/j.cnki.62-1171/g4.2026.02.003.
基金信息:
甘肃省教育厅创新基金项目“气候变化和大气污染对张掖市儿童呼吸系统疾病的影响”（2023B-179）; 河西学院青年基金项目“张掖市大气污染及气象因素对呼吸系统疾病的影响研究”（QN2022024）
2026-04-25
2026-04-25